Understanding Pathophysiology – ANZ Adaptation 2nd Ed By Craft – Test Bank

Understanding Pathophysiology – ANZ Adaptation 2nd Ed By Craft – Test Bank

Part 1 Essential concepts of pathophysiology

1. Introduction to clinical science
2. Homeostasis
3. Cellular structure and function
4. Altered cellular function
5. Genes

Part 2 Alterations to regulations and control

1. The structure and function of the neurological system [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
2. Pain
3. Concepts of neurological dysfunction [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
4. Alterations of neurological function across the lifespan [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
5. The structure and function of the endocrine system
6. Alterations of endocrine function across the life span

Part 3 Alterations to protection and movement

1. The structure and function of the immune system
2. Inflammation and fever
3. Infection [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
4. Alterations of immune function across the lifespan
5. The structure and function of the haematological system
6. Alterations of haematological function across the lifespan [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
7. The structure and function of the integumentary system
8. Alterations of the integumentary system across the lifespan
9. The structure and function of the musculoskeletal system
10. Alterations of musculoskeletal function across the lifespan

Part 4 Alterations to body maintenance

1. The structure and function of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
2. Alterations of cardiovascular function across the lifespan [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
3. The structure and function of the pulmonary system
4. Alterations of pulmonary function across the lifespan [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
5. The structure and function of the digestive system
6. Alterations of digestive function across the lifespan [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]
7. The structure and function of the urinary system
8. Fluids and electrolytes, acids and bases
9. Alterations of renal function and fluid balance across the lifespan

Part 5 Alterations to continuity

1. The structure and function of the reproductive systems
2. Alterations of the reproductive systems across the lifespan [ Animation from US Evolve 2e]

Part 6 Contemporary health issues

1. Introduction to contemporary health issues
2. Stress and chronic disease
3. Obesity and diabetes mellitus
4. Cancer
5. Genes, genetic disease and the environment
6. Neurobiology of mental illness
7. Australian Indigenous health issues
8. New Zealand Indigenous Health Issues

9. Craft, Gordon: Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition

   Chapter 02: Homeostasis

   Test Bank

   MULTIPLE CHOICE 

   1. Homeostasis:

   a.	keeps the body in a static state.
   b.	works towards a dynamic equilibrium.
   c.	modifies the external environment to protect bodily function.
   d.	maintains variables at one precise set point.

   ANS: B REF: p 21

    

   2. The normal or reference range of blood pH is:

   a.	7.35–7.45.
   b.	7.25–7.55.
   c.	7.25–7.85.
   d.	7.35–7.55.

   ANS: A REF: p 21

   3. Tom had his blood pH measured twice at the hospital. The first time his blood pH was 7.39, and the second time his blood pH was 7.42. The doctor said that these values are normal and are nothing to worry about. The doctor’s conclusion can be explained by the fact that

   a.	blood pH should always have the same value but sometimes hospital equipment is not accurate.
   b.	normal blood pH values occur within a range rather than a set point.
   c.	Tom’s first reading was not normal, but his blood pH was corrected in time for the second reading.
   d.	normal blood pH occurs anywhere within the range 7.25-7.55.

   ANS: B REF: p 21

   4. The fluid that is located between cells is called:

   a.	cytoplasm.
   b.	plasma fluid.
   c.	interstitial fluid.
   d.	intravascular fluid.

   ANS: C REF: p 21

    

   5. The biggest fluid compartment in the human body is the:

   a.	interstitial compartment.
   b.	intravascular compartment.
   c.	extracellular compartment.
   d.	intracellular compartment.

   ANS: D REF: p 22

    

   6. In a normal healthy adult male, the total body water as a percentage in relation to body weight is:

   a.	50%.
   b.	60%.
   c.	70%.
   d.	80%.

   ANS: B REF: p 22

    

   7. The extracellular fluid compartment contains ______ of the total body water.

   a.	one-third
   b.	one-quarter
   c.	three-quarters
   d.	two-thirds

   ANS: A REF: p 22

    

   8. In order to maintain cellular homeostasis:

   a.	oxygen and carbon dioxide move from the blood into the cell.
   b.	oxygen and carbon dioxide move from the cell into the blood.
   c.	carbon dioxide and lactic acid move from the blood into the cell.
   d.	carbon dioxide and lactic acid move from the cell into the blood.

   ANS: D REF: p 22

    

   9. Which of the following electrolytes are found in a higher proportion inside the cell than in the extracellular compartment?

   a.	sodium
   b.	potassium
   c.	calcium
   d.	carbon

   ANS: B REF: p 23

    

   10. Which of the following electrolytes are found in higher proportion in the extracellular compartment than in the cell?

   a.	sodium
   b.	potassium
   c.	calcium
   d.	A and C only

   ANS: D REF: p 23

    

   11. Which of the following statements is true of neuron signalling?

   a.	During neuron signalling, most of the sodium is in the extracellular fluid.
   b.	Following neuron signalling, sodium must be returned to the extracellular fluid to allow another signal to be sent.
   c.	When the neuron is at rest, most of the sodium is in the intracellular compartment.
   d.	Following neuron signalling, sodium must be returned to the intracellular fluid to allow another signal to be sent.

   ANS: B REF: p 24

    

   12. Which of the following is an example of cellular homeostasis?

   a.	blood clotting following a small cut
   b.	wound healing following a small wound
   c.	extracellular fluid moving into a dehydrated cell
   d.	an immune response against invading bacteria

   ANS: C REF: p 24

   13.  Which of the following is an example of homeostasis of the local area?

   a.	carbon dioxide entering the blood from a cell
   b.	sodium moving into a neuron during signalling
   c.	extracellular fluid moving into a dehydrated cell
   d.	an immune response against invading bacteria

   ANS: D REF: p 24

   14. Blood glucose levels will rise after eating a meal, which will result in a/an _________ in insulin release and therefore a/an ____________ in blood glucose.

   a. decrease; decrease

   b. decrease; increase

   c. increase; decrease

   d. increase; increase

   ANS: C REF: p 26

    

   15. The central nervous system detects changes to a variable using:

   a.	an effector.
   b.	a control centre.
   c.	a sensor.
   d.	a hormone.

   ANS: C REF: p 26