Test Bank For Physical Geology 16th Edition by Charles (Carlos) Plummer
Physical Geology, 16e (Plummer)
Chapter 1 Introducing Geology, the Essentials of Plate Tectonics,
and Other Important Concepts
1) We depend on geologists for the raw materials we need for survival.
2) Most deaths associated with volcanic eruptions are due to burns of lava flows.
3) A tsunami has a small wave height, travels rapidly, and is not noticed by people in boats.
4) While the reserves of petroleum hydrocarbons within the United States are limited, other geologic resources (iron, aluminum, copper, and tin) are available in great abundance.
5) Geology uses the scientific method to explain natural aspects of the Earth.
6) Deeply buried rock that is hot and under pressure can deform like taffy or putty.
7) Ocean-ocean plate convergence formed major mountain belts such as the Andes and Cascades.
8) The mantle is the most voluminous of Earth’s three major concentric zones.
9) Earth’s lithosphere is made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust.
10) Understanding geology can help us lessen or prevent damage to the environment.
11) Most convergent plate boundaries coincide with the crests of submarine mountain ranges called mid-oceanic ridges.
12) Plate tectonics regards the lithosphere as divided into segments (plates) that are in horizontal motion.
13) A transform plate boundary occurs where two plates converge.
14) Convergent boundaries, due to their geometry, are the sites of the largest earthquakes on Earth.
15) After the opening of the North Slope in Alaska, the U.S. stopped importing petroleum.
16) The North American Plate is all on one plate.
17) Rocks formed at high temperatures and under high pressure deep within the Earth and pushed upward by tectonic force are stable in their new environment.
18) Rocks brought to the earth’s surface by internal processes are worn down, and eroded by surficial processes.
19) The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old.
20) The Earth can be considered as interrelated systems or spheres.
21) The Earth’s system that includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and glaciers of the world is called the ________.
A) biosphere
B) hydrosphere
C) atmosphere
D) geosphere
E) solid Earth
22) The ________ and the Alpine Fault of New Zealand are examples of transform plate boundaries.
A) New Madrid Fault of Arkansas
B) Choctaw Fault of Oklahoma
C) San Andreas Fault of California
D) East African Rift
E) Rio Grande Rift
23) A ________ is a huge ocean wave usually caused by a displacement of the sea floor and commonly associated with massive earthquakes.
A) S-wave
B) tidal wave
C) tsunami
D) seiche
E) breaker
24) A ________ is a hot, turbulent mixture of expanding gases and volcanic ash that flows rapidly down the side of a volcano.
A) pyroclastic cloud
B) mud flow
C) lava flow
D) pyroclastic flow
E) hyaloclastic flow
25) Eruptive activity at the summit of the Nevada del Ruiz volcano in Colombia in 1985 caused snow and ice to melt, generating a ________ that killed 23,000 people in the village of Armero.
A) gas cloud
B) mud flow
C) lava flow
D) pyroclastic flow
E) hyaloclastic flow
26) To understand geology, one must understand how the solid Earth interacts with water, air, and living organisms. For this reason, it is useful to think of Earth as being part of a ________.
A) hydrosphere
B) system
C) trend
D) group
E) formation
27) Among other things, geologists are employed as ________.
A) petroleum geologists
B) environmental geologists
C) marine geologists
D) hydrogeologists
E) All of the answers are correct.
28) Rock deep within the Earth is ________ and ________.
A) hot; heat flows inward toward Earth’s center.
B) cool; heat flows in toward Earth’s center
C) hot; heat flows out toward Earth’s surface
D) the same temperature throughout the earth; heat flow is not an important consideration
E) unknown; we can only guess about conditions there
29) Earth’s external heat engine is driven by ________.
A) solar power
B) residual cosmic radiation from the Big Bang
C) the decay of radioactive isotopes
D) tides
E) meteor impacts
30) ________ refer(s) to the scientific study of Earth.
A) Hydrology
B) Geology
C) Spheres
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