Test Bank For Anatomy & Physiology 8th Edition by Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition Chapter 02-A: The Chemical Basis of Life
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1. Biochemistry involves the chemical makeup of living organisms and the underlying process of life activities.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 34
TOP: Introduction
2.The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
3.The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP:Atomic Structure
4.Two shared pairs of electrons represent a single covalent bond.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 39 TOP: Covalent Bonds
5.The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction.
ANS:TDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 41
TOP:Chemical Reactions
6.The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an atom’s outer shell determine its chemical activity.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
7.An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has two pairs of electrons.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
8.An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 37
TOP: Isotopes
9.Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Ionic Bonds
10.Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP:Radioactivity
11.Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP:Radioactivity
12.Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 38 TOP: Radioactivity
13.A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 45 TOP: Buffers
14.The chemical reaction of an acid with a base will produce a salt and water.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 45 TOP: Salts
15.Water acts as a very effective solvent.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 43
TOP: Water
16.Electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Electrolytes
17.By definition, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 42
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
18.Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Electrolytes
19.Acids are electrolytes that produce OH ions.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Acids
20.pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP:The pH Scale
21.Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon-containing compounds in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 51
TOP: Proteins
22.Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
23.There are a total of 21 essential amino acids.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP:Amino Acids
24.Steroids are often called tissue hormones.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 50 TOP: Steroids
25.DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 56
TOP:Nucleic Acids
26.Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases, which are important constituents of a DNA molecule.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 56
TOP:Nucleic Acids
27.Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 41
TOP: Metabolism
28.The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape.
ANS:TDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 54
TOP: Levels of Protein Structure
29.Enzymes are proteins that function by the lock-and-key theory.
ANS:TDIF:SynthesisREF:Page 54
TOP: Levels of Protein Structure
30.ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction.
ANS:FDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 41|Page 42
TOP: Catabolism
31.Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 41
TOP: Metabolism
32.Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 38 TOP: Ionic Bonds
33.The digestion of food is an example of a synthesis reaction.
ANS:FDIF:SynthesisREF:Page 40
TOP:Chemical Reactions
34.The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP:Acids and Bases
35.Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP:Acids and Bases
36.High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the “bad” cholesterol.
ANS:FDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 51 (Box 2-2)
TOP:Blood Lipoproteins
37.The nonessential amino acids cannot be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP:Amino Acids
38.The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
39.The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
40.Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get 8 electrons in its outer energy level.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
41.A double covalent bond involves the sharing of 2 electrons.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 39 TOP: Covalent Bonds
42.Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 40
TOP:Chemical Reactions
43.Electrolytes dissociate to form ions.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: Electrolytes
44.As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value increases.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: Acids and Bases
45.Sugars and starches are both considered to be carbohydrates.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP:Carbohydrates
46.Glucose is a hexose and ribose is a pentose.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP:Carbohydrates
47.Nonessential amino acids are rarely used in the making of proteins in the human body.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 52 TOP: Amino Acids
48.Fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all considered lipids.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP: Lipids
49.Fats are composed of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP:Triglycerides or Fats
50.Saturated fats are more likely than unsaturated fats to be liquid at room temperature.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP:Triglycerides or Fats
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