Test Bank For Anatomy And Physiology 6th Edition By Elaine N. Marieb
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
- 1) A type of transport protein found in the plasma membrane of cells lining the inside of the intestine 1) allows sodium ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient. The ions move through the
transport protein, and into the cell. These transport proteins will use the kinetic energy of the
diffusing sodium ions to bring glucose into the cells as well. Which of the following would stop the transport of glucose through this transport protein?A) Increasing the concentration of glucose outside of the cell.
B) Increasing the number of digestive enzymes in the digestive tract. C) Lowering the energy of activation.D) Stopping the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.Answer: D Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
- 2) A gene can best be defined as ________. 2) A) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides longB) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide
C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain D) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acidAnswer: C Explanation: A)B) C) D)
3) Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA? 3) A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
B) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.
C) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
D) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU.
Answer: A Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
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4) Which of the following is not a function of lysosomes? 4) A) breaking down bone to release calcium ions into the blood
B) degrading worn-out or nonfunctional organelles C) help in the formation of cell membranes
D) digesting particles taken in by endocytosis
Answer: C Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
5) The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is 5)
________. A) ssRNA
Answer: C Explanation:
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) mRNA
A) B) C) D)
- 6) If active transport establishes a concentration gradient with the use of ATP, then the concentration 6) gradient can be looked at as ________.A) a byproduct of active transport that will be alleviated by pinocytosis
B) unwanted pressure that will be alleviated by channel mediated facilitated diffusion C) an unusable byproduct of active transport that will simply diffuse awayD) potential energy that can be harnessed when molecules passively diffuse down the concentration gradientAnswer: D Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
- 7) Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals 7) known as “second messengers”?A) Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.
B) Second messengers usually act to remove nitric oxide (NO) from the cell. C) Second messengers act through receptors called K-proteins.D) Second messengers usually inactivate protein kinase enzymes.Answer: A Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
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8) Some hormones enter cells via ________.
A) pinocytosis
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis
Answer: C Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
B) primary active transport D) exocytosis
8)
9) Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages? 9)
A) phagocytosis C) exocytosis
Answer: A Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
B) pinocytosis
D) intracellular vesicular trafficking
- 10) Which of the following will not speed up the net rate of diffusion for glucose into a cell? 10) A) Decreasing the concentration of glucose within the cell.B) Increasing the concentration of glucose outside of the cell.
C) Decreasing the number of phospholipids in the plasma membrane.
D) Increasing the number of glucose transport proteins within the plasma membrane.Answer: C Explanation: A)B) C) D)
- 11) If a human cell were to increase the amount of cholesterol embedded within its plasma membrane 11) which of the following would most likely happen?
A) The plasma membrane would become more fluid and the phospholipids less stable.
B) The plasma membrane would become more stable, less fluid and less permeable.
C) The plasma membrane would become more permeable to ions and less permeable to lipids.
D) The cell would form a plaque that could potential block a blood vessel.
Answer: B Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
12) The main component of the cytosol is ________.
12)
A) salts
Answer: B Explanation:
B) water
C) proteins
D) sugars
A) B) C) D)
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13) Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion? 13)
A) The lower the temperature, the faster the rate.
B) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate. C) The rate is independent of temperature.
D) The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
Answer: D Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
14) If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA 14) synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?
A) TGCAA
Answer: B Explanation:
B) UGCAA
C) GUACC
D) ACGTT
A) B) C) D)
15) Passive membrane transport processes include ________. A) consumption of ATP
15)
B) the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration C) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
D) movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low concentration
Answer: C Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
16) If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is 16) impermeable, what could happen?
A) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent. B) The cells will lose water and shrink.
C) The cells will swell and ultimately burst.
D) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition.
Answer: B Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
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- 17) Bone is a connective tissue that provides support for the body with its strength and rigidity. Which 17) of the following provides the best explanation for how this is so?A) Bone cells are very dense and therefore resist physical stress.
- B) The bone cell’s plasma membrane contains a high degree of cholesterol that stabilizes the cellmembrane, giving it strength.
- C) Bones cells secrete an extracellular matrix that when combined with minerals becomes rockhard.
- D) Bone cells have extensive cytoskeleton that makes them ridged.
Answer: C Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
- 18) Colchicine is a drug that can prevent the formation of microtubules. Which is the most likely affect 18) colchicine would have on cell division?A) It would have little no effect on mitosis.
B) It will arrest mitosis by preventing the formation of spindle microtubules. C) It would delay mitosis by preventing S phase.D) It will enhance mitosis by moving chromosome toward the spindle equator.Answer: B Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
- 19) Beta cells in the pancreas produce and secrete the protein hormone insulin. You would expect to 19) see a relatively large amount of which organelles in these cells?A) mitochondria, and cilia
B) cytoskeleton, and peroxisomes
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomesD) Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulumAnswer: D Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
- 20) Cancerous cells can divide so rapidly that they will often produce a glycocalyx that is different than 20) the other cells in the body. This may result in ________.A) allowing the cancer cells to bind to their healthy, neighboring cells
B) cells of the immune system recognizing the tumorous cells as foreign and destroying them C) the cancer cells conserving energy for more growthD) a decrease in the permeability of the tumor cell’s plasma membrane preventing the uptake of chemotherapy drugsAnswer: B Explanation: A)
B) C) D)
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